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2021 NASA BIG Idea Challenge

The Pennsylvania State University - Student Space Programs Laboratory

Development of an Active Electrodynamic Glove Integrated Shield (AEGIS) for Lunar Dust Mitigation

September 2020 - January 2021

This project is a technology development proposal submitted for a NASA-run competition. Given the problem, a team of students and I developed a solution, budgeted it, and planned a timeline for review.

Background

The 2021 NASA BIG Idea Challenge is a competition created by NASA to challenge undergraduate students to solve big problems. For the 2021 competition, NASA sought out innovative solutions to issues involving lunar dust mitigation, including reducing dust clouds upon landing, dust removal from spacesuits and other surfaces, dust obstruction of optical systems, and reducing in-cabin particulate levels, among others.  Teams were tasked to design, build, and test novel dust mitigation (or dust tolerant) technology that could be used for lunar applications. Five to ten teams were selected as finalists and received funding for the continued development of the project. 

Through NASA’s Artemis lunar exploration program, getting the first woman and next man on the Moon will be achieved by 2024. As NASA outlines, “establishing a sustainable human presence on the Moon allows NASA to develop and test new approaches, technologies, and systems that will enable us to function in other, more challenging environments.” However, lunar dust still stands as one of the most challenging obstacles humanity must face in achieving this goal. Lunar dust is difficult because of its cohesive, abrasive, and electrostatic properties. NASA has learned through previous Moon landings that dust can affect human health, instrument readings, equipment performance, and thermal properties.

The Penn State Student Space Programs Laboratory created a concept of the Active Electrodynamic Glove Integrated Shield system or AEGIS, to address this issue. The system, named after the shield of Zeus, utilized carbon nanotube electrodes to create an electric field around the spacesuit. This would interact with the charged lunar dust particles, actively dispersing them from the suit.

My Involvement

My work was instrumental in the team’s development of the proposal. When we were in the brainstorming stages, I was assigned to the ‘Extravehicular Activities (EVA) Suit’ team. We threw around ideas such as a dust-removing laser and a magnetic brush. However, a group of my friends and I did a lot of research on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their use as electrodes. I focused on researching the electrical properties of the dust, how electrodes will affect it, and the safety concerns of attaching electrodes to a suit. We proposed to the team as a whole that CNTs can create an electric field, and implementing them onto a suit would be an efficient way to mitigate dust.

The team ultimately took up the idea and it became the focus of our 2021 submission. While the pitch as a whole would be an entire suit, we decided that if we got funding, we would design a glove as a prototype. The glove will consist of a replica glove of the xEMU suit, the suit that NASA designed for the Artemis missions. The glove will have several CNT electrodes that will create an electric field. These will be in several different patterns, as seen in the picture above. The varying patterns will assist in reducing issues when joints bend. The glove will also have a control unit and user interface, allowing the user to control power settings and an on/off switch. Because the Artemis missions will occur at the south pole of the Moon, where temperatures range between -49° C to -243° C, a thermal system will be implemented to ensure the system operates as need. 

After finalizing our idea, the next step was to write a proposal. I did an extensive amount of writing and research on the CNTs and lead the effort in the safety sections. My research ultimately resulted in the development of an emergency release strap that would cut electricity in the event of electrical arching. Also, my investigation of carbon nanotube properties, variations, and production instituted a promising outline of the technology. Also, my safety section outlined both previously known and self-determined safety concerns, such as electrical arching, CNT toxicity, and interference with life support systems. 

The results of this competition were announced on January 29th, 2021. Unfortunately, our team was not selected for further funding. We were up against some tough competition, as the selected projects look phenomenal. Either way, I am unbelievably proud of my team and of the winning teams.

If the project got funding and we continued its development, I would have been involved in the structures subsystem. Structures would have created the housing and physical assembly of the glove. We would have additionally collaborated with the other subsystems to ensure that everything came together as planned.

Links

NASA BIG Idea Challenge General Website: http://bigidea.nianet.org/

2021 NASA BIG Idea Challenge: http://bigidea.nianet.org/2021-challenge/

YouTube proposal video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKSPmc7m_n4

SSPL website: https://sites.psu.edu/sspl/